Musibau Solomon¶
A self-consistent approach to the numerical evaluation of the beam losses at the CERN Proton Synchrotron
Abstract¶
The ejection of a beam from an accelerator is one of the most critical moments in terms of machine operation, maintenance and safety in a high energy machine. During fast extraction process towards the neutron Time-Of-Flight (n-TOF) fixed target experiment at CERN facility, the study of high intensity beam losses from the Proton Synchrotron (PS) is necessary to reduce the damage and activation of the accelerator while maintaining performance of experiments at the target area. Since beam transfer studies require both particle tracking and particle-matter interactions simulation along the ejection path, new challenges arise when it comes to combine both in order to obtain a self-consistent approach to the problem. In this work, Beam Delivery Simulation (BDSIM), an accelerator tracking and Monte-Carlo simulations software, based on Geant4, is used to develop a geometrical and numerical PS model allowing end-to-end fast extraction analyses. A realistic geometrical model of magnets, extraction vacuum chamber and extraction magnet is implemented. Then, the geometries are integrated in the PS fast extraction model. Its validation is discussed in detail. Finally, a  rst ever beam ejection study with BDSIM has been performed using a two-step simulation method. The results show the ability of the model to reproduce a nominal ejection orbit similar to the MAD-X tracking code. Furthermore, its implementation allows the study of localised beam losses during the extraction process.